Normally, individuals expecting a baby receive two ultrasounds during their pregnancy. However, existing health conditions, concerns about fetal development, or unexpected medical issues may increase the number of ultrasounds given during the nine months of gestation.
The technology uses sound waves to create a digital image of the growing fetus inside the body. Ultrasounds provide a unique look at fetal development without the negative effects of other types of testing.
Typical ultrasound schedule by trimester
Generally, your OB/GYN will determine the right ultrasound schedule for your needs. If your pregnancy and health are progressing normally, you may only be scheduled for two ultrasounds.
First trimester
According to the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center site, your first ultrasound is usually performed between 10 and 12 weeks. The doctor can detect the fetus’s heartbeat and determine the size and number of fetuses in a multiple pregnancy.
Second trimester
A second ultrasound is generally scheduled between 18 and 22 weeks. The ultrasound allows the doctor to view the development of the fetus’s internal organs and can reveal the sex, as well as problems with the heart, lungs, kidneys, or other structures. It can also help to detect issues of the placenta or amniotic fluid.
Third trimester
A third-trimester ultrasound is sometimes performed routinely by some medical centers or in the case of unexpected bleeding or other medical problems. The test can help the physician determine if an early birth or cesarean section is warranted.
Types of ultrasounds
Several different types of ultrasound technologies are used for monitoring pregnancies.
Transabdominal ultrasound
A transabdominal ultrasound uses a hand-held device passed over the skin of the abdomen to acquire digital images of the interior of the abdomen.
Transvaginal ultrasound
A transvaginal ultrasound uses a hand-held device that is inserted into the vagina to acquire digital images of the interior of the pelvic cavity.
Key purposes of different ultrasound scans
Ultrasounds can provide a range of significant data about the pregnancy.
Early pregnancy scan
An early ultrasound scan is often used to confirm pregnancy and determine the size of the growing fetus.
Anatomy scan at 20 weeks
At about 20 weeks, the fetus’s organs can be viewed on ultrasounds and checked for normal development.
Fetal growth and development assessments
Ultrasounds later in pregnancy may be done to determine the size, development, or positioning of the fetus.
Factors influencing ultrasound frequency
A number of factors can influence how frequently ultrasounds are done.
High-risk pregnancies
Some women may have existing health problems that make pregnancy more complicated or dangerous. These are often referred to as “high-risk pregnancies,” and your doctor may take additional actions to ensure the health of both you and your baby. According to the American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists, ultrasound is also used to screen for genetic problems.
Maternal health conditions
Conditions such as diabetes or hypertension may indicate the need for more intensive monitoring with the use of ultrasound. Older mothers may also need more close monitoring.
Previous pregnancy complications
If you have had a previous pregnancy that resulted in a heart defect in the baby or a problem with the placenta, your doctor may order additional ultrasounds.
Scenarios requiring additional ultrasounds
Bleeding, extremely high blood pressure and complications during a previous pregnancy are scenarios that would trigger more frequent ultrasound testing.
What to expect before an ultrasound
You do not need to do anything to prepare for an ultrasound scan.
What to expect during an ultrasound
For a transabdominal ultrasound, you can simply shift your clothing to expose your abdomen. For a transvaginal ultrasound, you will have to remove your clothing from the waist down.
What to expect after an ultrasound
After an ultrasound, patients generally have no aftereffects, and you can continue your normal activities as usual.
Safety and potential risks of prenatal ultrasounds
According to National Library of Medicine, a World Health Organization review of ultrasound use during pregnancy found no adverse effects to either mother or fetus.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many ultrasounds do you get while pregnant?
If your pregnancy is normal, you will get one or two ultrasounds. However, if a concern arises, you may need additional ultrasound testing.
Do you get an ultrasound in the 3rd trimester?
Generally, there is no need for an ultrasound in the 3rd trimester, unless you develop bleeding or a health problem that could affect the fetus.
How many ultrasounds during pregnancy are covered by insurance?
Generally, at least one ultrasound is covered, but others may be covered if medically necessary. Co-pays or deductibles may apply, depending on your policy.
What weeks do you get ultrasounds during pregnancy?
Ultrasounds during pregnancy are performed around 10 to 12 weeks, 18 to 20 weeks, and 28 to 30 weeks.
